Reference Translation of Exercise 2 (economic)
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2007
After a solid and broad-based growth for three consecutive years, the world economy is expected to decelerate in 2007, mainly dragged by a slowdown of the United States. Growth in Europe and Japan, meanwhile, will not be sufficient for these economies to act as locomotives of global growth. The outlook remains mostly positive for developing countries, but a degree of moderation is also expected.
世界經濟在經過連續三年穩定且紮實的成長後,在進入2007年(今年)後,預判成長將趨緩,主要是受到美國經濟成長放緩的影響。在這同時,即便歐洲與日本的經濟仍會有所成長,但是,仍不足以成為帶動世界經濟的火車頭。開發中國家的經濟發展仍將大致看好,但是也會出現某種程度的減緩。
Sustained high growth in China, India and a few other major emerging economies seems to have engendered synergy among developing countries so that growth in this group is more endogenous. However, a large number of developing countries remain highly vulnerable to the vicissitudes of commodity prices and the volatility of international financial markets.
中國、印度以及一些新興經濟體的持續性高經濟成長,似乎已在這群開發中國家間,凝聚出一股協同機制與力量,因此,這個群體的經濟成長,將更趨向內生,不會受到世界經濟成長趨勢變動的影響;然而,在這群體中的許多開發中國家,仍然對原物料(大宗物資)價格及國際金融市場的波動,極度敏感且脆弱。
(“commodity” 指商品;貨物;大宗物資;原物料 raw materials
可泛指任何商品,即凡是具有用性及收益性,在市場上能與貨幣交換者都是商品·但在國際貿易中常指無差別性的大宗商品,尤其是農礦初級產品(*primary commodity),例如榖物、原棉、羊毛、橡膠、金屬、原油、食品等,通常在賣給消費者之前,必須先經過加工的手續·由於這些商品的無差異性,故為各國商品交易所(*commodity exchange)或現貨(*cash commodity)市場上主要的交易對象·)
The report highlights the need for greater employment growth, which has not kept pace with output growth. The global economic outlook also encompasses a number of important downside risks: bursts in the housing bubbles in a number of countries, uncertainties in oil prices and mounting global imbalances. We call for international macroeconomic policy coordination in order to facilitate an orderly adjustment of global imbalances.
這篇報告呼籲各國應提升就業率,因為從目前的產出成長率來看,就業率應有再提升的空間。但是,展望全球經濟仍存在許多危機,例如:許多國家潛在的房市泡沫化、油價的不確定性以及逐漸擴大的全球經濟失衡。我們認為,應該進行國際總體經濟政策協調,以便有計畫地調整此一失衡。
1. About “global imbalance”
甲、Using Google, and enter search key as “global imbalance 全球”
乙、國際貨幣基金組織總裁拉托2005年2月23日在對外政策協會(Foreign Policy Association)主辦會議上發表題為《糾正全球經濟失衡--避免相互指責》的演講中正式使用了全球經濟失衡(global imbalance)的新概念。拉托認為,全球經濟失衡是這樣一種現象:一國擁有大量貿易赤字,而與該國貿易赤字相對應的貿易盈餘則集中在其他一些國家。 當前全球經濟失衡的主要表現是,美國國際收支經常賬戶赤字龐大、債務增長迅速,而日本、中國和亞洲主要新興市場國家(地區)對美國持有大量貿易盈餘。
2. About “macroeconomics”
Microeconomics 個體經濟is the study of choices made by individuals and businesses, and the influence of government on those choices.

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